Atomic Bomb essays

Atomic Bomb essays Herbert Feis served as the Special Consultant to three Secretaries of War. This book was his finale to a series on the governmental viewed history of World War II, one of these receiving the Pulitzer Prize. Mr. Feis gives personal accounts in a strictly factual description leaving out no information that the president and high officials discussed within the walls of the White House. The information that is presented is referenced countlessly throughout the book. His position in the government gave him the ability to have direct knowledge from personal individuals, in the government at that time, who had assessed the actions first hand. With these contacts his information is not presented as secondary information. In early August 1945, two atomic bombs were dropped on the Japanese cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. These two bombs quickly yielded the surrender of Japan and the end of the American involvement in World War II. By 1946, the two bombs caused the death of perhaps as many as 240,000 Japanese citizens. The popular view that dominated the 1950s and 60s, presented by President Truman and Secretary of War Henry Stimson, was that the at the dropping of the atomic bombs was a solely military action that avoided the loss of as many as a million lives in the upcoming American invasion of the island of Kyushu. In the 1960s a second idea developed, put forth by a collaboration of historians, that claimed the dropping of the bomb was a diplomatic maneuver aimed at gaining the upper hand in relations with Russia. Twenty years after the bombing, Feis, with the advantage of historical hindsight and the advantage of new evidence, developed a third view, free from obscuring bias. First, he stated that the dropping of the bomb was born out of a number of military, domestic, and diplomatic pressures and concerns. Secondly, many potentially alternatives to dropping the bombs were not explored by Truman and other men in power. Lastly, becaus...

How to Conjugate Compléter, to Complete

How to Conjugate 'Complà ©ter,' to Complete As you might suspect, the French verb  complà ©ter  means to complete. Its a very useful word to add to your vocabulary. As with all verbs, when you want to say completed or completing, a conjugation is necessary. This French lesson will walk you through the process. Complà ©ter Conjugation In English, we conjugate verbs by adding an -ing or -ed ending to change from the present to the past tense. The same is done in French, though its a little more complex. Thats because there is a different infinitive ending for every subject pronoun in every tense. Complà ©ter  is a  stem-changing verb  as well. This poses a special challenge in the conjugations. While its not a big deal in the pronunciation, it matters when the word is written down. In the conjugation chart, look closely and you will notice that the accented e changes along the way. This happens often in verbs ending in -à ©_er,  such as  accà ©der  (to reach). Also, for the future tense, you can use either the grave à ¨ or acute à ©. Beyond that, the conjugations are rather simple. Study the chart and pair the proper subject pronoun with the appropriate tense. For instance, I complete is je complà ©te and we will complete is nous complà ©terez or nous complà ¨terez. Subject Present Future Imperfect je complà ¨te complà ©teraicomplà ¨terai complà ©tais tu complà ¨tes complà ©terascomplà ¨teras complà ©tais il complà ¨te complà ©teracomplà ¨tera complà ©tait nous complà ©tons complà ©teronscomplà ¨terons complà ©tions vous complà ©tez complà ©terezcomplà ¨terez complà ©tiez ils complà ¨tent omplà ©terontcomplà ¨teront complà ©taient Present Participle The  present participle  of complà ©ter  is complà ©tant. This can be used as a verb, of course, but also serves as an adjective, gerund, or noun in some circumstances. Passà © Composà © and Past Participle The  passà © composà ©Ã‚  is a common form of the past tense in French. Its formed by conjugating the  auxiliary verb  avoir  to match the subject, then attaching the  past participle  complà ©tà ©. To put this together, I completed is jai complà ©tà © and we completed is nous avons complà ©tà ©. The  ai and avons  are conjugations of  avoir. More Simple  Conjugations There may be times when the action of completing is uncertain. That is when you might employ either the subjunctive or conditional verb forms. In literature, you may see the passà © simple or imperfect subjunctive in use. Subject Subjunctive Conditional Passà © Simple Imperfect Subjunctive je complà ¨te complà ©teraiscomplà ¨terais complà ©tai complà ©tasse tu complà ¨tes complà ©teraiscomplà ¨terais complà ©tas complà ©tasses il complà ¨te complà ©teraitcomplà ¨terait complà ©ta complà ©tà ¢t nous complà ©tions complà ©terionscomplà ¨terions complà ©tà ¢mes complà ©tassions vous complà ©tiez complà ©teriezcomplà ¨teriez complà ©tà ¢tes complà ©tassiez ils complà ¨tent complà ©teraientcomplà ¨teraient complà ©tà ¨rent complà ©tassent To use  complà ©ter  in an exclamation, use the imperative form. When doing this, you can skip the subject pronoun, so rather than tu complà ©te, you can simply say complà ©te. Imperative (tu) complà ¨te (nous) complà ©tons (vous) complà ©tez

Dewey's Democratic Individualism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Dewey's Democratic Individualism - Essay Example Even crime is becoming corporate. What happens nowadays is that "these corporations [effect] a change of social life from an individual to corporate affair." Reactions of the individual and society as a whole to this change are manifold: they affect the psychological, professional, and political sphere. According to Dewey, "they affect the working ideas, beliefs and conduct of all of us." However there is a split within individual and in a society, and most specifically-the split within the new business mind. The split comes about because "the results of industry.. are corporate and collective" while the inner motives are private and individual. Dewey calls resolution to this state "a law of mental integrity"; this will come about when inner motives become concerned with corporate goals-that is to say, shared goals. Dewey says: "When the corporateness becomes internal, that is, it is realized in thought and purpose, it will become qualitative Law will be realized not as a rule arbitrarily imposed from without but as the relations which hold individuals together." According to Dewey, these two statements are closely connected with essential question pertaining to individuality: the need for a new theory and new morals which would explain human nature and its connection to society in these new economic conditions. This would be the basis of democracy in current American society. Dewey states that "Dewey states that "[a]ssured and integrated individuality is the product of definite social relationships and publicly acknowledged functions." These relationships being established, as well as the public acknowledgment of the role of different human endeavors within a current society, the split of the business mind would be healed. There needs to be "some consensus of belief as to the meaning of finance and industry in civilization as a whole". This would supply a sense of meaning to the business mind and its importance within a society. Dewey further analyzes this social and individual split. What is lacking as a reward for achieving one's ends, (the reward presently being financial profit), is a sense of social fulfillment. Social fulfillment of individuals is a key factor in new democracy. The current standards of value are "derived from pecuniary success and economic prosperity". This is not enough for individual fulfillment, as human beings need a sense of solidarity and participation. This then implies shared and common values. The essential trait of human nature, according to American tradition, is love of liberty, but Dewey wonders if men would surrender their liberties in the name of solidarity, with the sense of union that it entails and respect by others it provides. What is needed is new psychological and moral theories to explain human nature, and which are in accordance with society at present and its corporateness. Culture is another important element of new democracy. For political freedom, freedom of culture is essential: "positive conditions, forming the prevailing state of culture, are required". Everybody should share in enjoyment of the arts. Culture is extremely important because it determines the patterns of behavior of any given group in a specific period-as proved by recent anthropological findings. It also puts a new spin on the problem of relation of the individual to the social -as it defines current customs, rules, traditions, and institutions. Dewey

Theory of Dispute Resolution - Essay Case Study

Theory of Dispute Resolution - Case Study Example According to the law of supply of goods and services, there are certain implied terms during the transfer of goods from the transferor to the transferee, most important being that the goods transferred are of good quality and fitness. This means that the transferor of goods has the obligation to ensure that all the goods transferred to the transferee are of satisfactory quality, and therefore, will perform their desired functions without fail. Thus according to this law, the transfer of faulty goods from the seller to the buyer is an offense. According to the facts of this case, Frontway Clutches Ltd. Sold repair parts to Mr. Conn, who is a garage owner, which turned out to be faulty, and thus inappropriate to fulfill their intended purpose. Consequently, he bears the responsibility of compensating the other party, namely Mr. McScrooge. However, the facts under this case are complicated by the fact that the substance or the commodity under dispute is unavailable for examination, whic h is an essential step towards proving the inappropriateness of the commodities supplied by Frontway Clutches Ltd. While Frontway Clutches Ltd. could be required to compensate Mr. ... McScrooge’s van, then he might bear the responsibility. Additionally, the burden of responsibility would even be bigger for the supplier, if the supplier was aware that the clutches that were sold to Mr. Conn were faulty. Therefore, while the substance of this case would majorly revolve around the quality and fitness of the commodity sold, the law would also be interested in discovering the intentions and the awareness of the parties involved in the sale and fixation of the car clutch. Liabilities of the parties involved Mr. Conn is the ultimate center of conflict, in this case, considering that he is the one responsible for fixing the clutch that failed in Mr. McScrooge van, while on the other hand, he had received the clutch from Frontway Clutches Ltd., without suspecting that the clutches had any problem.  

Procedure course work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Procedure course work - Essay Example Subsequently, the court executing an appeal will be able to correct errors, which are made in judicial decisions in trial or those made in magistrates’ courts1. However, the upper court has no authority to amend the decisions reached by the magistrates. The upper court can sent back the case to the lower or magistrates’ courts for reconsideration. At the same time, according to the provisions, the upper court has to give reasons for the decisions made in order to eliminate any possible ground for judicial review2. In accordance with the scenario, the Ministry of Justice should review the process in relation to the right to appeals, which are made in the upper court against a sentence and/or conviction. Accordingly, the proposal made by the Ministry of Justice emphasises on removing the right to appeal to High Court by way of case stated or judicial review. Moreover, the proposal advocates that the right to appeal to Crown Court should be amended accordingly so that the judicial process of a re-hearing can be developed as time-efficient. Appeal from the Magistrates' Court to Crown Court As per rules as well as regulations of the judicial systems of the UK, appeals can be made to the Crown Court on certain grounds and provisions. These provisions are recognised to be governed under the ‘Part 63 Criminal Procedure Rules 2010’ (â€Å"the Rules†). The Crown Court is statutorily obliged to deal with cases, which are appealed from magistrates’ courts on certain specific conditions as mentioned below. Conviction and/or sentences, which are made in magistrates courts (section108 Magistrates Courts Act 1980) Orders linking hospital or guardianship (section 45(1) Mental Health Act 1983) Failure of an individual to conform with supervision order (paragraph 11, schedule 3 Powers of Criminal Courts (Sentencing) Act 2000) Failure in making orders associated with football banning orders (section14A(5A) Football Spectators Act 1989) Sour ce: 3 The Crown Court is also provided with the provision of modifying any sentences as well as any other orders made within a time frame of 56 days from the day on which the decision was made. In certain incidents in case of dismissing an appeal, the Crown Court is required to provide reasons and factors, which are accountable for such an occurrence. It is in this context that the provisions oblige the Crown Court to justify reasons responsible for the rendered decisions. In the case of [R v Harrow Crown Court ex p. Dave [1994] 1 All ER 315, [1994] ! WLR 98] and [R -v- Knightsbridge Crown Court ex p International Sporting Club [1981] 3 All ER 417, [1982] QB 304] it has been identified that it is one of the mandatory duties of the judges to provide appropriate reasons for the decisions as well as the dismissal of appeal of any appellant4. In this context, refusing to provide reasons and information relating to decisions as well as denial of appeal will act as a violation of Article 6 ‘European Court of Human Rights’ (ECHR), which may lead to judicial review of the case5. Stating precisely, the right to appeal is offered to parties who make appeal against certain convictions and/or sentences. According to ‘Part 63 Criminal Procedure Rules’, the application must be made within the 21 days of actual hearing conducted by the magistrates’

The Decolonisation Of Ghana History Essay

The Decolonisation Of Ghana History Essay 1. Abstract: This Extended Essay is going to be about the Decolonization of Ghana. I have chosen this Topic due to my Interest in that country and because I spend my holidays there once a year. This essay is supposed to view the decolonization of Ghana and the reasons and thoughts behind it. This Extended Essay is written for the people who are interested into the problems and affairs in the decolonialization of Ghana. This piece of work is should show the recipients the reasons and problems linked with decolonialization and if the people of Ghana received the Independence and its aftermath with enthusiasm and/or neglecting. The essay can be divided up into a theoretical piece, in which I will write about the decolonization, its problems and reasons and a second part, where I will discuss how Nkrumah was able to get support. My research questions are: What are the reasons for decolonization and to what extent was Nkrumah successful in gaining support for Ghana and how? Well we know that reasons for the decolonization was due to the fact that Nationalism and self-rule were things the people of Ghana were aiming for, which without removal of the current situation could not have been realized. The other fact is that Nkrumah was successful in gaining Ghanaian support, with factors being bankruptcy of Britain, hatred for Britain, and thanks to the important constitutions made. What we are unaware of is how these steps were taken in order to counter the problems and to what extent they were able to be successful in removing their problems. 2. Introduction: During World War 2, colonies from around the globe came back to their mother countries in order to help their colonial masters fight against the enemies. While the going to be Prime Ministers, Henrik Verwoerd and B.J. Vorster, of South Africa supported Hitler, the majority of French colonialists remained loyal to its government until 1943. The wartime propaganda from the Germans had a part in this defiance of British rule. Japans conquests in the Far East caused shortages of various products such as minerals etc. Africa was therefore then used to make up for this problem and could greatly profit from this decision. U-Boats monitoring the North-Atlantic Ocean restricted the shipping of raw materials to Europe and so made the industries in Africa come to life. Local industries in turn caused the creation of new towns, and existing towns doubled in size. As urban community and industry grew so did trade unions. In addition to trade unions, urbanization brought about inc reased literacy, which allowed for pro-independence newspapers. By the 1930s, the colonial powers had carefully cultivated a small elite of leaders educated in Western universities and familiar with ideas such as self-determination. These leaders, including some major nationalists such as Kenyatta (Kenya), Nkrumah (Gold Coast, Ghana), Senghor (Senegal), and Houphouet-Boigny (Cà ´te dIvoire) came to lead the struggle for independence. 2. What are the reasons for decolonization? Before discussing this policy in these fields, it would be helpful, perhaps, to give a general picture of the kind of government that ruled at the time. The government could have been described as a mixture of direct rule by the central government and the rule of African institutions. There had been a steady bias towards the latter. Ghana is a classical example of decolonization of an English colony after World War Two. A mix of nationalism, a foundation of self-rule and educated elite, men returning from serving in WW2, strong leadership, and a weakening of Europes hold on colonies because of the devastation of World War Two made Ghana the vanguard of sub-Saharan African independence. There was a disease threatening the cocoa farmers. This disease was damaging cocoa farms at an extremely high rate and despite scientific research the only solution to this was to cut out the infected trees. This didnt please the farmers since at the time the price for cocoa was very high. So following the solution the government was experiencing resistance throughout the land. But the greatest problem was the deprivation. At the same time other disorders had broken out in the business district of Accra. Crowds, dissatisfied with the new prices resulting from the boycott agreement, which had been made, and incited by agitators had began to riot and loot and burn both European and Syrian owned stores. It even came that far that the people broke into the prison and freed prisoners to join in. This kind of turmoil spread to other towns of the Gold Coast./ It was the time for change. 3. How was decolonization achieved? World War II ushered in a massive wave of decolonization struggles, and dozens of new states. The first half of the twentieth century was devastating for European colonial powers. The cumulative cost of World War I, the collapse of control and stability during the Age of Anxiety, and the devastating epic conflict of World War II, all contributed to the erosion of colonial control. Although regions seeking independence still had years of fighting to endure after 1945, countries like Britain, France, Belgium, Portugal, and the Netherlands were in a losing struggle to hold onto their colonies. Japan, Germany and Italy lost their colonial empires immediately following their defeat. The U.S. also began to relinquish direct colonial control over acquired territories, focusing its energies on building Cold War alliances and influence, In short, colonial empires collapsed all over the world, and out of this turmoil emerged dozens of new countries. World War II had a marked influence on the G old Coast. The changes it brought were found, of course, not only in the Dependency but in all colonial areas. World opinion had become much concerned with the problem of dependent peoples and the United Nations Charter included a section in which the colonial powers agreed to promote the advancement and eventual self-government of these territories.The Country of Ghana had been developing economically and so the focus of government power gradually shifted into the hands of the Ghanaians, instead of staying in those of the Governor and his officials. This had been made possible due to gradual development of a strong spirit of nationalism and which would eventually result in independence. In effect the Gold Coast was ready for an increased measure of self-government for the economic, social, and political development of the inter-war years had contributed to the experience of the Dependencys leaders. The territorial councils had broadened the viewpoint of chiefs hitherto confined to the particular interests of individual states, and service on the legislative council had taught the traditional rulers and the educated classes to work together in general with the view to the national good. Once the movement had begun, events moved rapidly, at a pace that not only surprised the colonial government but also among conservative African elements as well. In the late nineteenth century, an arbitrary political system which placed almost all power into the hands of the governor through his appointment of council members had been thought unacceptable by a number of educated Africans. In the 1890s, a group was formed named, the Aborigines Rights Protection Society, by members of the educated coastal elite. They protested against a land bill that threatened traditional land tenure. In the end this protest helped build a foundation for political action that would ultimately lead to independence. From the African members of the legislative Council, one of them, Joseph E. Casely-Hayford, convened the National Congress of British West Africa, which then sent a delegation, so that the colonial office was urged to consider the principle of elected representation, in 1920. This group represented the first expression of political solidarity between nationalist and intellectuals of the area. Sadly the delegation had not been received, but it had by any means aroused considerable support from the Africans elite back home. Granting their call for elected representation as opposed to a system, in which the governor appointed numbers of the council, the nationalists had insisted that they were loyal to the British crown and that they only would help make an extension to British political and social practices of Africans. They had important leaders, such as Africanus Horton, John Mensah Sarbah, and S.R.B. Attah-Ahoma. These few men gave the nationalist movement a distinctly elitist touch which was going to last. Provincial councils of paramount chiefs had been created by the constitution of 1925. The councils in return elected 6 chiefs as unofficial members of the legislative council. The new constitution was appearing to recognize African sentiments, but Guggisberg, governor and command-in-chief, was mostly concerned with how to keep the British interests protected. For example: Africans only had a limited voice in the central government. By doing this, Guggisberg had spawned a wedge between the chiefs and their educated subjects. The subjects now believed that the chiefs had cheated the by letting the provisional councils fall into British hands, son that the chiefs would be able to receive support from the British. However the chiefs and the intellectuals had begun to reproach each other again, by the mid 1930s. Agitation for more adequate representation continued. So two more unofficial African members had been added to the executive council in 1943, this was gained due to the call for broader representation. The Burns constitution of 1946, named after the governor in charge at the time or just known as the Gold Coast constitution, had been a very bold document. It was bold due to the fact that for the first time they had abandoned the concept of an official majority. 6 Ex-officio, 6 nominated members, and 18 elected members composed the legislative council at this moment. In addition it also admitted representatives from Asante. Although there was a Labour Party Government in power, the British still viewed their colonies as sources of raw materials. These sources were bitterly needed, since the British economy was crippled and they needed to strengthen it. Only after riots and looting did the British decide to make, the placing of real power into African hands, a priority. Ghana now had a decisive majority of elected members. They have reached a Level of maturity in politics unheard of elsewhere in Africa. The government had been unable to bring down high prices, curtail profiteering, a nd ease other economic burdens of the country. The people were disappointed that their representatives in the newly formed legislative council did nothing to help them in this battle. The above statements give us a fairly good indication of the U.G.C.C.s objectives. It is important at this juncture to notice certain characteristics if the organization. The organizations was mainly made up of the à ©lite, it also always put pressure on its aim of fulfilling self government. But it should be achieved by legitimate and constitutional means. These hints make the impression that the U.G.C.C. represented a kind of conservative nationalism in contrast to the later kind that will develop in the near future. But a new phase dawned upon the history of the organization, which they themselves hadnt realized, by the Mr.Kwame Nkrumah becoming its general secretary. Nkrumah was born in a small village of Nzima, in the western section of the colony, in September 1909. He studied at Achimota and later in the United States, where he obtained a bachelor of Divinity degree from Lincoln University and a Masters of Arts from the University of Pennsylvania. During his years in America and a later stay in England he had gained considerable experience in leadership by participating in various political organizations and in associations designed to promote Negro advancement or self-government in Africa. The U.G.C.C. hoped to make the best out of his knowledge and experience. Although they were highly mature in what concerned politics, the constitution didnt grant them the freedom of having self-government. The executive power still remained in the hands of the governor, to whom the legislative government was responsible. The constitution faced trouble, although it had been greeted with enthusiasm. Many Gold Coast Veterans upon return, meanwhile WWII had ended, came back to a country in which shortages, inflation and unemployment ruled. So veterans started to form into a group of discontent people who were at the brink of creating disruptive action. Soon they were joined by farmers and many others who expected economic improvements, since the war had ended, but didnt receive any. So the tensions were still increasing since the war had ended. These Riots then resulted in having all of the U.G.C.C. members, including Nkrumah, arrested. Through this these men became known as the Big Six. The big six were the release again upon the arrival of the commission. 4. To what Extent was Nkrumah successful in gaining Support for Ghana and how? Dr. Kwame Nkrumah was a political leader and icon throughout Africa. We are able to thank him for liberating the Gold Coast and form it into the Ghana, which we know today. As he watched independence beginning to start in Africa, Nkrumah was anxious during that entire stage, simply due to his thought that imperialist rulers had ingeniously postponed their ultimate demise by granting sovereignty to the colonies, which they had previously done. Our hero had devised many political objectives to fight these imperialists and implemented them at the perfect time. Nkrumah was able to present his political beliefs already at an early stage, already as a graduate student in Great Britain. He had joined a student club and brought his messages through the local newspapers, during his studies at LSE (London School of Economics). Later on Nkrumah then was able to publish a pamphlet which set its focus on showing the downside of the imperialist rule on the African continent. Included were also thoughts, by him, towards colonial freedom and a way in which it could be obtained. This leadership role of his, progressed further, while in the meantime he had been elected to the executive board of the West Africans Student Union, at the college he was attending. The later on as Vice President he continued to criticize outlandish rule. The passion, which turned out to be so strong, towards ending the foreign rule in Africa, that he even considered forming the group named, Circle Union of Socialist African Republics. This confidential group was looking to lib erate Africa from the foreign rule. Nkrumah had officially founded the CPP to aid the liberation of Ghana on the 12th of June 1949. Most members were pulled out from the Committee of Youth Organization. This program looked to be very promising as spread his ideas of self government to farmers, unions, womens unions, and many younger people. In Nkrumahs eyes the only way the citizens of Ghana would be able to take control of their government would be through political unity. Nkrumah argued that cultural and economic independence would follow close behind. The policies and the formation of Nkrumahs CPP brought a positive influence to the people in Ghana and seemed to be destructive to the British Governments chance of maintaining control. Many factors help him gain support from the people some of them were, Propaganda in the form of signs, and he also found that coming up with party songs that give hope to the nation, was effective. All these things were used to make Ghanaian citizens aware and to gain support in the rem oval of the foreign power in charge. Nkrumahs campaigning began the 8th of January in 1952. 5 key ways in which Nkrumah could fight the imperialistic forces where: political education, nationalist aid, propaganda, dipl. Cooperation and by implementing a new policy in which the country of Ghana would not get involved with any form of Imperialist. Every stage was positive from Nkrumahs point of view. He even tried to remove the temporary regional assemblies, which were the safeguards in the constitution which would help the opposition. The Preventive Detention Act was introduced 1957. This act was laws, which allowed the police officers to arrest and possibly detain people that his government thought to be working against them. Another point was that Nkrumah had a feeling in his gut that the only way to maintain an imperialist free country was to become economically independent as well. The best way was to become an industrialized country. 5. Conclusion In my opinion Ghana had reached their goal by gaining Independence from the British, but while doing this they had cut their own flesh. I will have to name the good things first before I come to the bad things. Ghana had decided to deport foreigners who were perceived as threats to Ghana in the Deportation Act of 1957, which I think is a reasonable choice to make since having foreigners in ones parliament might have different effects on people. In addition to that in 1960 Ghana had officially become a republic, namely on the 1st of July. But now to the bad side of things, the Ghanaians now had cut the connection of to the British and by doing this they might have forgotten the fact that they were still slightly dependent on them. With dependent I mean that their economy was dependent from the British. Once they had cut the cord there was no way back and so they lost their biggest trading partner Britain. The consequences followed shortly and it is one that you still can feel today. T he economy had plummeted since the loss. Nkrumah had made almost all the right decisions for his people, but he had forgotten about the economy. He was so concerned with the maltreatment of his country by the white man, which he, instead of considering the actions he was taking, wanted to get rid of them once and for all. Nkrumah didnt consider the advantages they had through the white imperialists, but saw them as a problem to the people of Ghana and other African countries. I myself, in Nkrumahs position of course, would have been upset about the ongoing suppression of the imperialists in the country and would have wanted to send them to the moon with a one way ticket. Things just dont work that way and it would have been a lot smarter to just consider the options and possibilities, of how to get rid of the imperialist, but maintain a stable country at the same time. 7. Books Bourret, F.M.: Ghana-The Road To Independence; Oxford University Press, 1960 Buenor Hadjor, Kofi: Nkrumah and Ghana; Kegan Paul International Limited, 1988 Gocking Roger S.: History of Ghana; Greenwood Press, 2005 Nkrumah Kwame: Consciencism 7.1 Internet sources http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Ghana (26/09/10) http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/history/independence.php (26/09/10) http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/history/slave-trade.php (26/09/10) http://www.honolulu.hawaii.edu/distance/hist/decol.htm (26/09/10) http://www.ukessays.com/essays/politics/dr-kwame-nkrumah.php (26/09/10)

Essay on Temptation in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight -- Sir Gawain G

Temptation in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight  Ã‚   In the poem "Sir Gawain and the Green Knight," Gawain is a guest at Hautdesert Castle. During his stay at the castle, three separate hunts take place. These hunts also parallel temptations aimed at Gawain by the wife of the Lord of Hautdesert Castle. In each hunt scene, a characteristic of the prey of that hunt is personified in Gawain's defense against the advances of the Lord's wife.   Ã‚  Ã‚   The first temptation of Gawain is perhaps the most difficult for him to defend. This temptation corresponds with the hunt scene involving a deer, In terms of the hunt, the deer is hunted because it is a staple of the diet, or it is something that satisfies a person. In the same manner, the Lord's wife viewed Gawain as art animal that she was hunting. She was pursued him on the sole basis of her carnal desire. This, her first temptation, is totally sexual. She says "Do with me as you will: that well pleases Inc.,/ For I Surrender speedily and sue for grace Which, to my mind, since I must, is much the best Course" (1215-1217-) She is viewing Gawain much as a hunter would view a deer. She has no interest in any kind of relationship, and she is not extensively flirting with him as she does in the next two temptations; she simply wants sex from him, plain and simple. She is, in a sense, "hunting" Gawain; hunting in that she is pursuing Gawain for the sole purpose of making hi m her trophy. If he falls prey to this temptation, then she has slain him. In his reaction to the lady, Gawain acts much like a deer. He first tries to entirely ignore her, but this tactic was unsuccessful. Then, he stealthily avoids her advances, not directly confronting her, but subtly downplaying the magnitude of her ... ...ce comes into play here as well; he accepts this sash as a foxy attempt to outwit the Green Knight in their pending encounter. In accepting this sash, though, Gawain has shown his weakness, cowardice. As a knight, Gawain is supposed to be protected by God alone. By accepting the sash, Gawain has shown that he has lost his faith in God, since lie feels the sash will do a better job in protecting him than God would. While it may be his only weakness, Gawain's cowardice has done him no good in acting as a honorable, God-fearing knight.   Ã‚  Ã‚   In these temptations, it is evident that Gawain was being tested. Knowing the final out come of the story, it is possible to see that Bertilak and his wife planned the hunts and temptations to coincide with each other. Whether this is true or not, Gawain has certainly proven his honor during his brief stay at Hautdesert Castle.

Competitive Education Essay

In my opinion, Education is a holistic process of learning and development in an individual’s lifetime. While competitiveness, is the result of the basic survival instinct already inherent in an individual, or for that matter all living organisms which co-exist in the same environment. For this reason, I believe education as a system shouldn’t undermine the importance of â€Å"competition† as a valuable tool employed to enhance the learning process, undermining which might consequently hinder the natural progress and development of a student. The need for a competitive education becomes all the more vital in preparing a student for the cut-throat competition that takes place in the real world, and in which â€Å"survival of the fittest† phenomenon applies in every aspect of an individual’s life. It starts early from sibling rivalry at home, to parents ensuring that the individual gets into the best school, again enrolling into the best college of choice, applying for scholarships, vying for the attention of the opposite sex, finding a suitable job, choosing the best prospective bride or groom, starting an enterprise and competing against other enterprises in the market etc. For better or for worse, â€Å"competition† is not limited to our personal lives but also thrives in our collective social, political, economic environment and not to forget in the field of sports. For instance, we all saw and openly displayed our enthusiasm and support for our department i. e. ITB during the cricket tournament and our players also felt motivated to outscore other Departments. Therefore, if competition is considered a positive and integral element in our progressive society, the question that arises is why should it be perceived as anything less or a threat in our education system? Competitive education system empowers a student to face challenges and not to shy away from them. It helps a student identify his/her strengths and weaknesses and further provides the necessary motivation to focus on the strengths and overcome the weaknesses. In academics a student will be able to assess what he/she has learnt so far in the class through oral and written examinations. In co-curricular activities, a student might be poor in sports but may be exceptional in painting. Through the means of competition, this student will be able to discover what he/she is good at and then focus on refining that particular skill, thereby a student will feel motivated to strive for excellence in the activity that brings out the best in him. Yes its true, in a competitive environment there is room for only one winner and for every winner to win the prize there must be a loser to take the fall, because failure is the much needed contrast to success and vice versa. Having said that, one can argue that â€Å"competition† is not about winning or losing but about giving our best. Salman Rushdie in his novel â€Å"midnight children† wrote: All games have morals; and the game of Snakes and Ladders captures, as no other activity can hope to do, the eternal truth that for every ladder you climb, a snake is waiting just around the corner; and for every snake, a ladder will compensate. † Therefore, a student in a competitive education system, in keeping with the spirit of competition can learn an important moral lesson of life: handling failures gracefully and perceiving it as a stepping stone to success. Ultimately, learning these crucial lessons from a competitive education system the easy way is better than learning from the unforgiving real world the hard way.

How Laszlo Biro Changed the History of Ballpoint Pens

How Laszlo Biro Changed the History of Ballpoint Pens No man was more foolish when he had not a pen in his hand, or more wise when he had. Samuel Johnson. A Hungarian journalist named Laszlo Biro invented the first ballpoint pen in 1938. Biro had noticed that the ink used in newspaper printing dried quickly, leaving the paper smudge-free, so he decided to create a pen using the same type of ink. But the thicker ink wouldnt flow from a regular pen nib. Biro had to devise a new type of point. He did so by fitting his pen with a tiny ball bearing in its tip. As the pen moved along the paper, the ball rotated, picking up ink from the ink cartridge and leaving it on the paper.   Biros Patents This principle of the ballpoint pen actually dates back to an 1888 patent owned by John Loud for a product designed to mark leather, but this patent was commercially unexploited. Biro first patented his pen in 1938 and he applied for another  patent in June 1943 in Argentina after he and his brother emigrated there in 1940.   The British government bought the licensing rights to Biro’s patent during World War II. The British Royal Air Force needed a new pen that would not leak at higher altitudes in fighter planes the way fountain pens did. The ballpoint’s successful performance for the Air Force brought Biro’s pens into the limelight. Unfortunately, Biro had never gotten a U.S. patent for his pen, so another battle was just beginning even as World War II ended.   The Battle of the Ballpoint Pens   A lot of improvements were made to pens in general over the years, leading to a battle over the rights to Biros invention.  The newly-formed Eterpen Company in Argentina commercialized the Biro pen after the Biro brothers received their patents there. The press hailed the success of  their writing tool because it could write for a year without refilling. Then, in May 1945,  Eversharp Company teamed up with Eberhard-Faber to acquire exclusive rights to Biro Pens of Argentina. The pen was rebranded as the â€Å"Eversharp CA,† which stood for â€Å"capillary action.† It was released to the press months in advance of public sales. Less than a month after Eversharp/Eberhard closed the deal with Eterpen, a Chicago businessman, Milton Reynolds, visited Buenos Aires in June 1945.  He noticed the Biro pen while he was in a store and recognized the pen’s sales potential. He bought a few as samples and returned to America to launch the Reynolds International Pen Company, ignoring Eversharp’s patent rights. Reynolds copied the Biro pen within four months and began to sell his product by the end of October 1945. He called it Reynolds Rocket and made it available at Gimbel’s department store in New York City. Reynolds’ imitation beat Eversharp to market and it was immediately successful. Priced at $12.50 each, $100,000 worth of pens sold their first day on the market. Britain was not far behind. The Miles-Martin Pen Company sold the first ballpoint pens to the public there at Christmas 1945.   The Ballpoint Pen Becomes a Fad Ballpoint pens were guaranteed to write for two years without refilling and sellers claimed they were smear-proof. Reynolds advertised his pen as one that could write under water. Then Eversharp sued Reynolds for copying the design that Eversharp had acquired legally. The 1888 patent by John Loud would have invalidated everyones claims, but no one knew that at the time. Sales skyrocketed for both competitors, but Reynolds’ pen tended to leak and skip. It  often failed to write. Eversharp’s pen did not live up to its own advertisements either. A very high volume of pen returns occurred for both Eversharp and Reynolds. The ballpoint pen fad ended due to consumer unhappiness.  Frequent price wars, poor quality products, and heavy advertising costs hurt both companies by 1948. Sales nosedived.  The original $12.50 asking price dropped to less than 50 cents per pen. The Jotter   Meanwhile, fountain pens experienced a resurgence of their old popularity as Reynolds’ company folded. Then  Parker Pens introduced its first ballpoint pen, the Jotter, in January 1954. The Jotter wrote five times longer than the Eversharp or Reynolds pens. It had a variety of point sizes, a rotating cartridge, and large-capacity ink refills. Best of all, it worked. Parker sold 3.5 million Jotters at prices from $2.95 to $8.75 in less than a year. The Ballpoint Pen Battle Is Won   By 1957,  Parker had  introduced the tungsten carbide  textured ball bearing in their ballpoint pens. Eversharp was in deep financial trouble and tried to switch back to selling fountain pens. The company sold its pen division to Parker Pens and Eversharp finally liquidated its assets in the 1960s. Then Came Bic   The French Baron Bich dropped the ‘H’ from his name and began selling pens called BICs in 1950. By the late fifties,  BIC  held 70 percent of the European market.   BIC bought 60 percent of the New York-based Waterman Pens in 1958, and it owned  100 percent of Waterman Pens by 1960. The company sold ballpoint pens in the U.S. for 29 cents up to 69 cents. Ballpoint Pens Today   BIC  dominates the market in the 21st century. Parker, Sheaffer, and Waterman capture smaller upscale markets of fountain pens and expensive ballpoints.  The highly popular modern version of Laszlo Biros pen, the BIC Crystal, has a daily worldwide sales figure of 14 million pieces. Biro is still the generic name used for the ballpoint pen used  in most of the world.

Gospel

Gospel Gospel Gospel By Maeve Maddox The word gospel entered Old English as a translation of a Latin phrase meaning â€Å"good tidings† or â€Å"good news†: god (good) + spell (speech, message). â€Å"The Gospel† (capitalized) is the â€Å"good news† that Jesus Christ redeemed mankind from sin and death. â€Å"A gospel† is one of the four books in the New Testament (Matthew, Mark, Luke, John) that record the life and teachings of Jesus. By extension, gospel may refer to the entire body of religious doctrine taught by Jesus Christ and the apostles. The word is also used to refer to all the books of the New Testament, or even to all 66 books in both testaments, from Genesis to Revelation. In a broader sense, any heavenly revelation may be called a gospel: God writes the Gospel not in the Bible alone, but also on trees, and in the flowers and clouds and stars. –Martin Luther. A gospel may be any secular philosophy that serves as a guide to human conduct. A doctrine or opinion that is strongly held and preached with a religious fervor is also referred to as a gospel. For example: I wouldnt really advocate going to other sites and preaching the gospel of feminism to those that didnt ask for it. When they hear someone like me preaching the Gospel of firearms, they assume that I’m some kind of radical who wants everyone to be armed. The phrase â€Å"The Gospel According to† is an extremely popular title opener: The Gospel According to Coco Chanel The Gospel According to Disney The Gospel According to Thomas Jefferson, Charles Dickens and Count Leo Tolstoy The Gospel According to Dr. Seuss The Gospel According to Yoda The psychologist William James wrote an essay called, â€Å"The Gospel of Relaxation,† and Atlantic journalist Ta-Nehisi Coates has written an article with the title â€Å"The Gospel of Rudy Giuliani.† Finally, there are some idioms that employ the word gospel: the social gospel The application of Christian ethics to social problems like poverty and crime. the gospel of wealth The belief that the accumulation of vast wealth by a few is beneficial to all of society. the gospel side The north side of a Christian church, to the left of the main altar. The person reading the day’s gospel selection stands there. hot gospeller A revivalist preacher who has a lively delivery. gospel music A music genre that combines dominant vocals and strong harmony with Christian lyrics. the gospel truth Unimpeachable truth. For example, â€Å"I didn’t steal your lunch, and that’s the gospel truth!† While not an idiom, the phrase â€Å"the synoptic gospels† is frequently seen or heard in discussions of the Christian New Testament. Of the four gospels that focus on the life and teachings of Jesus, three contain such similar content–in almost the same order– that they can be studied in parallel editions. The synoptic gospels are the books of Matthew, Mark, and Luke. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:25 Subordinating ConjunctionsProbable vs. PossibleShow, Don't Tell

The Impact of Globalization, Deregulation and Neoliberalism on Media Essay

The Impact of Globalization, Deregulation and Neoliberalism on Media Diversity and Public Service Broadcasting - Essay Example We often see the political situation of the nation today based on the media coverage around the world, making us connected together. This also keeps almost every one of us informed and updated, allowing us further to grasp a certain thought on how we decide on things that could be most favourable in our part. For instance, an international business tycoon would not be willing to invest in a country where the peace and order situation is strongly in upheaval. In particular, it would not be enticing to invest in a country where government officials have become insurgents and deliberately disagree with the prevailing policies and employed statutes. Such of this situation would be a tragic experience for any businessperson who is always on the go to optimise resources. The media are such a powerful aid for individuals who are concerned on this relevant information. Now that the media have become international or global in their coverage, there is a strong assurance of fast-pace distribut ion of information across the globe. This allows people to be informed on time to act the right way to their advantage. The ability of the media to be part of globalisation, deregulation and neoliberalism allows the public to have wide access of information, and even varied point of views to strengthen their thoughts on what is happening around the world, everyday. Strengthened freedom of the media to serve Media deregulation remarkably limits the ability of government to control proliferation of media companies in the first place (Deuze, 2010). One important implication of this is strengthening the freedom of expression of the media, allowing them to present various views that at some point may lead to diverse perspectives of information,... This essay approves that the media could stand as our eyes and ears because of their massive coverage all over the world. It therefore makes sense seeing them on a vast stretch of diversity. Their fast-pace proliferation was remarkably due to the dynamic effort of capitalists to engage in globalisation and even to further protect their welfare. Thus, this brings the birth of media deregulation and neoliberalism as a product of globalisation to guarantee further various economic advantages of media coverage and public service broadcasting on the part of both the service providers and the actual service users. This report makes a conclusion that media diversity and public service broadcasting therefore have become commercialised with substantial socio-political impacts involved as far as the existence of globalisation, deregulation and neoliberalism are concerned. The work at hand shows how the proponent explores the impact of globalization, deregulation and neoliberalism on media diversity and public service broadcasting. The proponent found that there is a significant contribution of these trends to the actual socio-economic and political concerns of the nation and the consuming public and media service providers in general. The actual impact of globalisation, media deregulation and neoliberalism on media diversity and public service broadcasting contains a great part of the business aspect, particularly a portion of marketing concept, sociological concept, economic concept and political concept. Combining all of these would lead us to conclude further that international media companies have fundamental role to play on how globalisation, media deregulation and neoliberalism create impact on media diversity and public broadcasting.

Emotionally Intelligent leaders and their Impact on Followers Essay

Emotionally Intelligent leaders and their Impact on Followers - Essay Example Emotional intelligence comes closest to servant leadership style of management. A servant leader listens to his employees, takes feedback from them and looks to improve the overall conditions of the workplace. There is no blame put on individual employees and all the followers share work responsibility. Emotional intelligence can be measured by looking at the environment of the workplace. Based on the discussion above, a leader should be self-aware of himself and his employees. He should work for the benefit of his people. This would be evident from the response of people. If the leader is understanding, motivating and is trying to develop the social skills of his people then they will be happy. They will show more commitment towards work and the whole organization will prosper together. It is evident that employees prefer to work with emotionally intelligent leaders and they give their best efforts under him. In conclusion, emotional intelligence has great benefits for a leader as well as for employees. A leader knows what his followers want and try to make it available in the best possible way. There is peace as the leader is understanding and cooperative. The employees’ benefit as the leader constantly motivates them. They have a realistic goal to achieve which also seems fair to them. More importantly, they well recognized because the leader tries to listen to them by taking their feedback. This attribute in leaders helps to achieve company’s goals in less time as the employees feel contented to work.